ULWIMI LWEMIPAWU YASEMERIKA
Intetho Yezandla yaseMerika eUnited States
Intetho yezandla yaseMerika lolona lwimi lukhula ngokukhawuleza oluceliweyo eUnited States namhlanje. Ulwimi Lwezandla lwaseMelika, olukwabizwa ngokuba yi-“ASL”, lulwimi oluntsonkothileyo olubonwayo olusetyenziswa ngabantu abaziziThulu. Lulwimi lweenkobe lwamadoda namabhinqa amaninzi aziziThulu, kwanabanye abantwana abevayo abazalelwa kwiintsapho eziziziThulu. Iingcali zeelwimi ze-ASL zifumana iziqinisekiso ezahlukeneyo ngenkqubo ethile yemfundo novavanyo. Izatifikethi zinamanqanaba ama-5 athile asekelwe kuvavanyo kunye nenqanaba lobuchule elifunekayo. Amanqanaba alinganiswe kwi-1-5, kunye ne-5 ibe yinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu. Olunye uhlobo lwesiqinisekiso olukhoyo ngokwahlukileyo kwi-ASL lubizwa ngokuba yi-Certified Deaf Interpreter, “CDI”. Iitoliki zeCDI ngabasayini abathi baziziThulu okanye iziThulu ngokuNcinane ngokwabo. Bahamba kwinkqubo efanayo yemfundo, yokuvavanya kunye nesiqinisekiso njengoko iitoliki ze-ASL zenza.
Iimpawu zeNtetho Yezandla yaseMerika
Izabelo ze-ASL azifani ngokwegrama kwisiNgesi kwaye akufuneki zithathelwe ingqalelo nangayiphi na indlela ukuba ibe yeyaphukileyo, ilinganisiwe, okanye ifom yesiNgesi. Abanye abantu baye bachaza i-ASL nezinye iintetho zezandla njengeelwimi “zezandla”. Oku akuchanekanga ngokupheleleyo kuba izijekulo zezandla yinxalenye enye ye-ASL. Iimpawu zobuso ezinjengokushukuma kwamashiya kunye nokushukuma komlomo womlomo kunye nezinye izinto ezinjengokuqhelaniswa nomzimba nazo zibalulekile kwi-ASL njengoko ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yegrama. Ukongeza, i-ASL isebenzisa indawo ejikeleze umsayini ukuchaza iindawo kunye nabantu abangekhoyo.
Ngaba Intetho Yezandla YaseMerika Isetyenziswa Ehlabathini Lonke?
Iilwimi zezandla ziphuhla ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezihlala kuzo kwaye azikho jikelele. Ngokomzekelo, i-ASL yaseMerika yahluke ngokupheleleyo kwiNtetho Yezandla yaseBritani nangona omabini la mazwe ethetha isiNgesi. Xa umntu osisiThulu osuka kwelinye ilizwe etshintshiselana ngesigama: kusoloko kuphuma amagqabaza anjengathi, Uyityobela njani oku Uyibhala njani into yokuba Inkoliso yeelwimi zezandla ikhula ngokuzimeleyo yaye ilizwe ngalinye linentetho yalo yezandla, ngoko ke, amazwe ahlukahlukeneyo abasayinileyo abakwazi ukunxibelelana omnye komnye ngokulula. Ehlabathini lonke ubuncinane kukho iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezili-121 zentetho yezandla ezisetyenziswayo.
I-CART (UFikelelo kuNxibelelwano lweNguqulo yeXesha elililo)
Ukuguqulelwa ngoko nangoko kolwimi oluthethwayo kwisicatshulwa kwaye kuboniswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Umbhalo wesiNgesi uveliswa ngokulibaziseka okungaphantsi kwemizuzwana emibini. Ngokomzekelo, umbhali weCART uhlala ecaleni komfundi eklasini aze aphulaphule unjingalwazi, ebhala yonke into eviwayo, yaye umbhalo wesiNgesi uxhonywe kwiscreen sekhompyutha ukuze umfundi akwazi ukufunda.
Kwi-CART yendawo kubonelelwa ngeentlanganiso, iiklasi, iiseshini zoqeqesho kunye nemisitho eyodwa.
Inqwelo Ekude ifana ngqo ne-CART ye-onsite ngaphandle kokuba umnikezeli kwindawo ekude kwaye uphulaphule isiganeko ngokusetyenziswa kwefowuni okanye i-Voice-Over IP (VOIP) idibanise.
khangela IiNkonzo ze-ASL kunye ne-CART ngesiXeko
Iisampulu zeNtetho Yezandla yaseMerika
