CHINENERO CHA CHIZINDIKIRO CHA AMERICA
Chinenero Chamanja cha ku America ku United States
Chinenero Chamanja cha ku America ndi chimodzi mwa zinenero zomwe zikukula mofulumira kwambiri ku United States masiku ano. Chinenero Chamanja cha ku America, chomwe chimatchedwanso “ASL”, ndi chilankhulo chovuta kuona komanso chowoneka bwino chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu Ogontha. Chimenechi ndi chinenero cha amuna ndi akazi Ogontha ambiri, komanso ana ena akumva obadwa m’mabanja Ogontha. Akatswiri a zilankhulo za ASL amapeza ziphaso zosiyanasiyana kudzera munjira yophunzitsira ndi kuyesa. Zitsimikizo zili ndi magawo 5 enieni kutengera kuyesa komanso mulingo womwe mukufuna. Miyezoyi ndi ya 1-5, ndipo 5 ndiyomwe ili yapamwamba kwambiri. Chitsimikizo china chomwe chimapezeka mosiyana ndi ASL chimatchedwa Certified Deaf Interpreter, "CDI". Omasulira a CDI ndi osayina omwe amakhala Ogontha kapena Ogontha Mwapang'ono okha. Amadutsanso njira zofananira zamaphunziro, zoyesa komanso zotsimikizira monga omasulira a ASL amachitira.
Makhalidwe a Chinenero Chamanja cha ku America
ASL imagawana ma grammatical kufanana ndi Chingerezi ndipo sayenera kuganiziridwa mwanjira iliyonse kukhala yosweka, kutsanzira, kapena mawonekedwe a Chingerezi. Anthu ena amati zinenero za ASL ndi zilankhulo zina za manja ndi “zolankhula ndi manja”. Izi sizolondola kwenikweni chifukwa manja ndi gawo limodzi la ASL. Maonekedwe a nkhope monga kusuntha kwa nsidze ndi mayendedwe a milomo ndi pakamwa komanso zinthu zina monga momwe thupi limakhalira ndizofunikanso mu ASL chifukwa zimapanga gawo lofunika kwambiri la kalembedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, ASL imagwiritsa ntchito malo ozungulira wosayinayo pofotokoza malo ndi anthu omwe kulibe.
Kodi Chinenero Chamanja cha ku America Chimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Padziko Lonse?
Zinenero zamanja zimakula m'madera awo ndipo sizipezeka paliponse. Mwachitsanzo, ASL ku America ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi Chinenero Chamanja cha ku Britain ngakhale kuti mayiko onsewa amalankhula Chingelezi. Munthu Wogontha wochokera kudziko lina akamakambirana mawu: Nthawi zonse pamakhala ndemanga monga yakuti, Kodi mumasainira bwanji izi osayina sangathe kulankhulana mosavuta. Padziko lonse pali mitundu pafupifupi 121 ya zilankhulo zamanja zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
CART (Communication Access Realtime Translation)
Kumasulira nthawi yomweyo kwa chilankhulo cholankhulidwa m'malemba ndikuwonetsedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mawu achingerezi amapangidwa mochedwa ndi mphindi ziwiri. Mwachitsanzo, wolemba CART amakhala pafupi ndi wophunzira m’kalasi n’kumamvetsera zimene pulofesayo akunena, akulemba zonse zimene akumva, ndipo mawu a Chingelezi akuwonetsedwa pakompyuta kuti wophunzirayo azitha kuwerenga.
Pa CART kuperekedwa pamisonkhano, makalasi, magawo ophunzitsira ndi zochitika zapadera.
Akutali CART ndizofanana ndendende ndi CART yapamtunda pokhapokha woperekayo ali kutali ndipo amamvetsera chochitika pogwiritsa ntchito foni kapena Voice-Over IP (VOIP) kugwirizana.
Onani ASL ndi CART Services ndi City
Zitsanzo za Chinenero Chamanja cha ku America
